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A Brief History of Macau
Fishermen from Fujian and farmers from Guangdong were the first known settlers in Macau,
when it was known as Ou Mun, or "trading gate", because of its location at the mouth of the
Pearl River downstream from Guangzhou (Canton). During ancient times port city was part of
the Silk Road with ships loading here with silk for Rome.
Even after China ceased to be a world trade centre, Guangzhou prospered from seaborne
business with the countries of Southeast Asia, so the local entrepreneurs welcomed the arrival
of Portuguese merchant-explorers. They followed in the wake of Jorge Alvares, who landed in
southern China in 1513, and set about finding suitable trading posts.
In the early 1550s the Portuguese reached Ou Mun, which the locals also called A Ma Gao,
"place of A Ma", in honour of the Goddess of Seafarers, whose temple stood at the entrance to
the sheltered Inner Harbour. The Portuguese adopted the name, which gradually changes into
the name Macau, and with the permission of Guangdong's mandarins, established a city that
within a short time had become a major entrepot for trade between China, Japan, India and
Europe.
It also became the perfect crossroad for the meeting of East and West cultures. The Roman
Catholic church sent some of its greatest missionaries to continue the work of St Francis Xavier,
(who died nearby after making many converts in Japan). A Christian college was built, beside
what is now today's Ruins of St Paul's, where students such as Matteo Ricci prepared for their
work as Christian scholars at the Imperial Court in Beijing. Other churches were built, as well as
fortresses, which gave the city an historical European appearance that distinguishes it to this
day.
Following the Opium War in 1841, Hong Kong was established by Britain and most of the
foreign merchants left Macau, which became a quaint, quiet backwater. Nevertheless it has
continued to enjoy a leisurely multicultural existence and make daily, practical use of its
historical buildings, in the process becoming a favourite stopover for international travellers,
writers and artists.
In modern times Macau has developed industries such as textiles, electronics and toys, as well
as building up an a world class tourist industry with a wide choice of hotels, resorts, sports
facilities, restaurants and casinos. As in the past, Macau's economy is closely linked to that of
Hong Kong and Guangdong Province, in particular the Pearl River Delta region, which qualifies
as one of Asia's "little tigers". Macau provides financial and banking services, staff training,
transport and communications support.
Macau is a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China since 20 December
1999, and, like Hong Kong, benefits from the principle of "one country, two systems". The
tiny SAR is growing in size - with more buildings on reclaimed land - and in the number and
diversity of its attractions. The greatest of these continues to be Macau's unique society, with
communities from the East and West complementing each other, and the many people who
come to visit.
Fishermen from Fujian and farmers from Guangdong were the first known settlers in Macau,
when it was known as Ou Mun, or "trading gate", because of its location at the mouth of the
Pearl River downstream from Guangzhou (Canton). During ancient times port city was part of
the Silk Road with ships loading here with silk for Rome.
Even after China ceased to be a world trade centre, Guangzhou prospered from seaborne
business with the countries of Southeast Asia, so the local entrepreneurs welcomed the arrival
of Portuguese merchant-explorers. They followed in the wake of Jorge Alvares, who landed in
southern China in 1513, and set about finding suitable trading posts.
In the early 1550s the Portuguese reached Ou Mun, which the locals also called A Ma Gao,
"place of A Ma", in honour of the Goddess of Seafarers, whose temple stood at the entrance to
the sheltered Inner Harbour. The Portuguese adopted the name, which gradually changes into
the name Macau, and with the permission of Guangdong's mandarins, established a city that
within a short time had become a major entrepot for trade between China, Japan, India and
Europe.
It also became the perfect crossroad for the meeting of East and West cultures. The Roman
Catholic church sent some of its greatest missionaries to continue the work of St Francis Xavier,
(who died nearby after making many converts in Japan). A Christian college was built, beside
what is now today's Ruins of St Paul's, where students such as Matteo Ricci prepared for their
work as Christian scholars at the Imperial Court in Beijing. Other churches were built, as well as
fortresses, which gave the city an historical European appearance that distinguishes it to this
day.
Following the Opium War in 1841, Hong Kong was established by Britain and most of the
foreign merchants left Macau, which became a quaint, quiet backwater. Nevertheless it has
continued to enjoy a leisurely multicultural existence and make daily, practical use of its
historical buildings, in the process becoming a favourite stopover for international travellers,
writers and artists.
In modern times Macau has developed industries such as textiles, electronics and toys, as well
as building up an a world class tourist industry with a wide choice of hotels, resorts, sports
facilities, restaurants and casinos. As in the past, Macau's economy is closely linked to that of
Hong Kong and Guangdong Province, in particular the Pearl River Delta region, which qualifies
as one of Asia's "little tigers". Macau provides financial and banking services, staff training,
transport and communications support.
Macau is a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China since 20 December
1999, and, like Hong Kong, benefits from the principle of "one country, two systems". The
tiny SAR is growing in size - with more buildings on reclaimed land - and in the number and
diversity of its attractions. The greatest of these continues to be Macau's unique society, with
communities from the East and West complementing each other, and the many people who
come to visit.
Climate
Macau located at the west bank of Pearl River Delta in South China, is the
intersection of Mainland China and South China Sea. It is also located at the south of
tropic of Cancer. The winds directions in winter and summer are opposite. Therefore,
Macau is in the monsoon region and from the climate classification is considered mild
and rainy in summer. The most comfortable period begins from the middle of October
to December.
The winter season in Macau covers the months January and February. The cold air
from north Siberia continuously passes through the Mid and South China into Macau
region and brings us cold and dry northerly winds. The urban temperature sometimes
drops below 10ºC. Therefore, the annual minimum temperature is generally recorded
in these two months. When the precipitation and rainy days are less it is because
there is lack of water vapour in the atmosphere.
March and April is the seasonal interchange period. The wind direction along the
coastal region of South China is mainly easterly to southeasterly, which will increase
the temperature and humidity. Beside some occasional wet weather, fog, drizzle and
low visibility days, the weather is mainly fine in spring.
The summer in Macau is longer than the other seasons. Because of hot and wet
conditions, the bad weather such as thunderstorm and heavy rain always occur from
May to September. Waterspout can be seen occasionally.
Macau located at the west bank of Pearl River Delta in South China, is the
intersection of Mainland China and South China Sea. It is also located at the south of
tropic of Cancer. The winds directions in winter and summer are opposite. Therefore,
Macau is in the monsoon region and from the climate classification is considered mild
and rainy in summer. The most comfortable period begins from the middle of October
to December.
The winter season in Macau covers the months January and February. The cold air
from north Siberia continuously passes through the Mid and South China into Macau
region and brings us cold and dry northerly winds. The urban temperature sometimes
drops below 10ºC. Therefore, the annual minimum temperature is generally recorded
in these two months. When the precipitation and rainy days are less it is because
there is lack of water vapour in the atmosphere.
March and April is the seasonal interchange period. The wind direction along the
coastal region of South China is mainly easterly to southeasterly, which will increase
the temperature and humidity. Beside some occasional wet weather, fog, drizzle and
low visibility days, the weather is mainly fine in spring.
The summer in Macau is longer than the other seasons. Because of hot and wet
conditions, the bad weather such as thunderstorm and heavy rain always occur from
May to September. Waterspout can be seen occasionally.
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